Wednesday, January 4, 2012

Scientists crack medieval bone code

Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Two teams of Michigan State University researchers ? one working at a medieval burial site in Albania, the other at a DNA lab in East Lansing ? have shown how modern science can unlock the mysteries of the past.

The scientists are the first to confirm the existence of brucellosis, an infectious disease still prevalent today, in ancient skeletal remains.

The findings, which appear in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, suggest brucellosis has been endemic to Albania since at least the Middle Ages.

Although rare in the United States, brucellosis remains a major problem in the Mediterranean region and other parts of the world. Characterized by chronic respiratory illness and fever, brucellosis is acquired by eating infected meat or unpasteurized dairy products or by coming into contact with animals carrying the brucella bacteria.

Todd Fenton, associate professor of anthropology, said advanced DNA testing at MSU allowed the researchers to confirm the existence of the disease in skeletons that were about 1,000 years old.

"For years, we had to hypothesize the cause of pathological conditions like this," Fenton said. "So the era of DNA testing and the contributions that DNA can make to my work are really exciting."

Here's how the discovery came about.

Fenton and a group of MSU graduate students were serving as the bioarcheologists, or bone specialists, for a multinational team of archaeologists excavating sites in the ancient Albanian city of Butrint. Once a large Roman colony, Butrint in its final centuries served as an outpost of the Byzantine Empire until it was abandoned in the Middle Ages due to flooding.

Fenton and his team developed biological profiles of the human remains, which included determining sex, age and skeletal pathologies, or health histories. Vertebrae from two of the Byzantine-era skeletons ? both adolescent males from the 10th century to the 13th century ? had significant lesions, leading the researchers to theorize the boys had suffered from tuberculosis.

Samples of the ancient bone were sent to the forensic DNA lab in East Lansing, which is headed by David Foran, director of MSU's Forensic Science Program. Foran and his team of graduate students took tiny portions of the bone, extracted DNA and tested it for any residual DNA that might still exist from the expected pathogen.

But the results came back negative for tuberculosis.

Fenton's team re-examined the bones that tested negative for tuberculosis and concluded the disease might instead be brucellosis. The infection from brucellosis and tuberculosis causes similar damage ? basically eating away the bone ? although no one had ever confirmed brucellosis in human bone recovered from an archaeological site.

Foran's team then developed a different set of tests for detecting the brucella bacteria and undertook a new round of testing on the diseased vertebrae.

This time the results came back positive for brucellosis.

Foran said the collaboration on the project highlights the benefits of modern science and interdisciplinary research, even when the respective research teams are some 5,000 miles apart.

"In this case it was a combination of inquisitiveness, persistence and of course collaboration," Foran said. "It is amazing to find something brand new in something that is a thousand years old."

###

Michigan State University: http://www.newsroom.msu.edu

Thanks to Michigan State University for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/116378/Scientists_crack_medieval_bone_code_

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Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Perry: I'm the 'only outsider' (Politico)

Rick Perry made an 11th-hour plea to Iowa voters Monday, insisting he is the ?only outsider? in the Republican field while dismissing the other candidates.

?We do stand out. We?re the only outsider ? you got 63 years of collective congressional time in four of the candidates and then you?ve got a Wall Street insider,? Perry said on NBC?s ?Today? show one day before Tuesday?s Iowa caucuses, billing himself as the only candidate who can represent voters who want to clean up Washington.

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The Texas governor more specifically focused his criticism on Rick Santorum, blasting the former congressman?s congressional record.

?You?ve got Rick Santorum, who?s talked about being a fiscal conservative but voted eight times to raise the debt ceiling,? Perry said. ?He?s raised it more than Obama has. He?s a serial earmarker and matter of fact, stood up as late as yesterday and said he was proud of all of the earmarks. That?s the problem in Washington.?

Perry, who came in at fifth place in the latest Des Moines Register poll, also responded to Santorum?s jab at his vow to get rid of federal agencies.

?He?s part of the problem because you?ve got a culture there ? a person who has been in Washington, D.C. so long, who doesn?t understand what the American people want,? he said. ?Why do we have a Department of Education? Does Rick Santorum want Washington to tell the people of Iowa how to educate their children? I don?t think so.?

In a later interview on MSNBC on Monday, Perry suggested that the other conservative hopefuls didn?t have enough fuel to go the distance.

?I?m the only one of the social conservatives and the fiscal conservatives that are running that actually has the ability to raise the money, to have the organization, to run through and finish the primary process. Santorum and Bachmann don?t,? he said. ?At the end of the day, we have the national organization and the fundraising capability to run through this thing. Plus, we?re the outsiders. They?re all Washington insiders.?

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/politics/*http%3A//us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/external/politico_rss/rss_politico_mostpop/http___www_politico_com_news_stories0112_71001_html/44053866/SIG=11mtiuech/*http%3A//www.politico.com/news/stories/0112/71001.html

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Top 6 gaming technologies of 2011 | N4G

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Each year brings a host of new technologies to the market that make gaming seem significantly different from what came before, and 2011 was no different. Here are some of our most important technological advancements the game industry ...

Source: http://n4g.com/news/913769/top-6-gaming-technologies-of-2011

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Monday, January 2, 2012

NFL playoff schedule, TV times

NBCSports.com

updated 10:15 p.m. ET Jan. 1, 2012

All times ET

WILD-CARD ROUND

Saturday, Jan. 7
Cincinnati at Houston, 4:30 p.m. (NBC)
Detroit at New Orleans, 8 p.m. (NBC)

Sunday, Jan. 8
Atlanta at N.Y. Giants, 1 p.m. (FOX)
Pittsburgh at Denver, 4:30 p.m. (CBS)

DIVISIONAL ROUND

Saturday, Jan. 14
New Orleans/N.Y. Giants/Atlanta at San Francisco, 4:30 p.m. (FOX)
Denver/Pittsburgh/Cincinnati at New England, 8 p.m. (CBS)

Sunday, Jan. 15
Houston/Denver/Pittsburgh at Baltimore, 1 p.m. (CBS)
N.Y. Giants/Atlanta/Detroit at Green Bay, 4:30 p.m. (FOX)

CHAMPIONSHIP ROUND

Sunday, Jan. 22
AFC championship, 3 p.m. (CBS)
NFC championship, 6:30 p.m. (FOX)

PRO BOWL

Sunday, Jan. 29 on NBC
AFC vs. NFC

SUPER BOWL

Sunday, Feb. 5 on NBC

? 2012 NBC Sports.com? Reprints

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Giants?pop 'Boys, clinch East ? |? ??Highlights

Eli Manning threw three touchdown passes and the New York Giants won an all-or-nothing game to claim the final spot in the NFL playoffs, beating the Dallas Cowboys 31-14 on Sunday night.

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/45844451/ns/sports-nfl/

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North Korea Names Kim Jong-un Top Military Commander

North Korea announced on Saturday it has appointed Kim Jong Un, the anointed successor and youngest son of Kim Jong Il, as supreme commander of its 1.2 million-strong military, two days after official mourning for its late leader ended.

The Korean Central News Agency, the state news agency, said the appointment was made at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the ruling Workers' Party on Friday.

KCNA said the politburo members "courteously proclaimed the dear comrade Kim Jong Un, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea, assumed the supreme commandership of the Korean People's Army," according to a will made by Kim Jong Il on Oct. 8.

It did not elaborate on the will.

Since Kim Jong Il's death on Dec. 17, North Korea's state media have dubbed Kim Jong Un "supreme commander." Some Korea-watchers say it may take Kim Jong Un months to assume the full panoply of official titles held by his father.

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But the announcement of the politburo's decision not only meant official approval of his control of one of the world's most powerful armed forces but also indicated the consolidation of his power could be much faster than expected.

Footage aired recently by North Korea's state TV has shown Kim Jong Un, believed to be in his 20s, flanked or followed by the the country's top military officers and a coterie of leaders during a series of mourning ceremonies for his father.

This signaled a smooth transfer of power to Kim Jong Un, the third generation of his family to rule the unpredictable and reclusive communist state since shortly after World War II.

"Faced with the sudden death of his father, Kim Jong Un and his supporters, who appear to be less prepared and insecure, may think they do not have much time in solidifying the young Kim's position," Koh Yu-hwan, an expert on North Korea's leadership and a professor at Dongguk University in Seoul, South Korea, told Reuters.

"The approval [of his supreme leadership of the military] should be one of the fastest ways to allow him the sovereign ruler position," Koh said. This ties in with the North's "military-first" policies on which Kim Jong Il relied heavily.

Kim Jong Un was named a four-star general and given the vice chairmanship of the ruling party's Central Military Commission by his father in 2010.

Many Korea-watchers also expect the inexperienced new leader, who had been groomed for rule only since 2009, to lead with the aid of a close coterie around him that includes his uncle and key power broker, Jang Song Thaek, at least in the early stages of the power transition.

Jang, husband of Kim Jong Il's younger sister, Kim Kyong Hui, stood behind his nephew in Wednesday's mass funeral parade, escorting the hearse carrying Kim's body.

Despite Pyongyang's determination to project an unbroken line from Kim Jong Un's ironfisted predecessors, which began with his grandfather, Kim Il Sung, there have been questions among outsiders about his capacity to lead the country.

North Korea, whose military is pursuing a nuclear arms program, is technically still at war with South Korea and suffers from chronic food shortages.

Labeling its opponents "foolish," North Korea warned South Korea on Friday it would stick to its hardline policies and said Pyongyang would never engage with the current government in Seoul.

Source: http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/274840/20111231/north-korea-names-kim-jong-un-top.htm

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Sunday, January 1, 2012

New Year's: New York City Rings In 2012

NEW YORK ? Revelers erupted in cheers amid a confetti-filled celebration in New York's Times Square to welcome in the new year, part of star-studded festivities and glittering fireworks displays around the world to usher in 2012.

From New Zealand to New York, the world eagerly welcomed a new year Sunday and hoped for a better future, saying goodbye to a year of hurricanes, tsunamis and economic turmoil that many would rather forget.

In New York, hundreds of thousands gathered at the crossroads of the world to witness a crystal ball with more than 30,000 lights that descended at midnight. Lady Gaga and Mayor Michael Bloomberg led the crowd in the final-minute countdown of the famed crystal-paneled ball drop.

Matheus Campos, a law student from Brazil, threw both arms in the air as the new year began in Times Square.

"It's awesome," he said.

Revelers in Australia, Asia, Europe and the South Pacific island nation of Samoa, which jumped across the international dateline to be first to celebrate, welcomed 2012 with booming pyrotechnic displays. Fireworks soared and sparked over Moscow's Red Square, crowds on Paris' Champs-Elysees boulevard popped Champagne corks at midnight.

But many approached the new year with more relief than joy, as people battered by weather disasters, joblessness and economic uncertainty hoped the stroke of midnight would change their fortunes.

"It was a pretty tough year, but God was looking after us and I know 2012 has got to be better," said Kyralee Scott, 16, of Jackson, N.J., whose father spent most of the year out of work.

Some New York revelers, wearing party hats and "2012" glasses, began camping out Saturday morning, even as workers readied bags stuffed with hundreds of balloons and technicians put colored filters on klieg lights. The crowds cheered as workers lit the crystal-paneled ball that drops at midnight Saturday and put it through a test run, 400 feet above the street. The sphere, now decorated with 3,000 Waterford crystal triangles, has been dropping to mark the new year since 1907, long before television made it a U.S. tradition.

In Times Square, hundreds of thousands people crammed into spectator pens ringed by barricades, enjoying surprisingly warm weather for the Northeast. The National Weather Service said it was about 49 degrees in nearby Central Park ? about 10 degrees warmer than the normal high temperature.

As the country prepared for the celebration, glum wasn't on the agenda for many, even those who had a sour year.

"We're hoping the next year will be better," said Becky Martin, a former elementary school teacher who drove from Rockford, Ill., to Times Square after spending a fruitless year trying to find a job. "We're starting off optimistic and hoping it lasts."

Many expressed cautious hope that better times were ahead after a year in which Japan was ravaged by an earthquake and tsunami, hurricanes wreaked havoc across the country and a debt crisis devastated Europe's economy.

"Everybody's suffering. That's why it's so beautiful to be here celebrating something with everybody," said Lisa Nicol, 47, of Melbourne, Australia.

For all of the holiday's bittersweet potential, New York City always treats it like a big party ? albeit one that now takes place under the watchful eye of a massive security force, including more than 1,500 police officers.

Dick Clark, who suffered a stroke in 2004, put in a few brief appearances mentioning that he has hosted his namesake New Year's Eve celebration for years, but said "tonight, it's better than ever." Clark, looking cheerful but struggling with his speech, introduced a performance by Lady Gaga and also assisted in the countdown. The show, hosted by Ryan Seacrest also featured a performance by Justin Bieber.

Natalie Tolli, a 13-year-old from Yonkers, said "it was the best time I ever had, especially seeing Justin Bieber in his red hat."

The father, George Tolli, said he and his wife and three daughters and son waited since 2 p.m. to get their place.

"It was a pleasant surprise, very controlled," he said. "In my 51 years, I've never been here for New Year's. But I did it for the kids. And it was worth it."

In Las Vegas, fireworks were launched from eight rooftops at midnight. Police earlier shut down a four-mile section of the Strip to vehicle traffic, letting revelers party in the street. Casino nightclubs touted pricey, exclusive bashes hosted by celebrities including Kim Kardashian and Fergie, and fireworks were expected to shoot from the rooftops of eight of the city's most famous casinos.

Authorities reported only minor hiccups, including an ash tray canister fire on the 15th floor of the Paris Las Vegas hotel casino and an intermittent power outage at Bellagio in the afternoon that led to casino officials closing its buffet.

The Bellagio outage also affected a bank of slot machines and some guest rooms, but the problem was fixed before 8 p.m., allowing all gambling, planned nightclub parties and shows to go forward as expected.

Thousands of New Year's celebrants turned out in Salt Lake City for a variety of events organized by the Downtown Alliance, while in Seattle crowds were treated to a fireworks display that included barrages from the top of the city's iconic Space Needle.

A typically busy New Year's Eve in Los Angeles became even busier as police and fire crews remained on alert for more arson attacks, after dozens of deliberately set car fire hit the city in the early morning hours of Friday and Saturday. Four suspicious car fires were reported Saturday evening.

Atlanta welcomed thousands to its downtown, where a giant peach dropped at midnight. Fireworks were to be launched from the top of the Space Needle in Seattle; in Houston, tens of thousands were celebrating at a party with country singer Delbert McClinton.

In summer temperatures at Key West, Fla., three separate midnight drops took place. A giant facsimile of a conch shell was lowered at Sloppy Joe's Bar, Ernest Hemingway's favorite watering hole when he lived in Key West. At the Schooner Wharf Bar, the bar owner dressed as a pirate wench and dropped down from a mast of a tall sailing ship. And at the Bourbon Street Pub complex, a drag queen named Sushi descended in a glittering 6-foot red women's high heel.

The town of Eastport, Maine, lowers an 8-foot-long wooden sardine from a downtown building at midnight, in celebration of its sardine canning and fishing history.

In San Francisco, revelers were lining the waterfront for the annual fireworks show. Though the city's fickle weather and persistent fog can never be counted on to cooperate, forecasters say the skies above the city should be clear overnight.

The first worldwide celebrations started in the island nation of Samoa, which hopped across the international date line at midnight on Thursday, skipping Friday and moving instantly to Saturday.

Samoa and the neighboring nation of Tokelau lie near the dateline that zigzags vertically through the Pacific Ocean; both sets of islands decided to realign themselves this year from the Americas side of the line to the Asia side to be more in tune with key trading partners.

In Sydney, more than 1.5 million people watched the shimmering pyrotechnic display designed around the theme "Time to Dream." In London, some 250,000 people gathered to listen to Big Ben chime at the stroke of midnight.

World leaders evoked 2011's struggles in their New Year's messages with some ambivalence.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy warned Europe's crisis is not finished and "that 2012 will be the year full of risks, but also of possibilities."

Pope Benedict XVI marked the end of 2011 with prayers of thanks and said humanity awaits the new year with apprehension but also with hope for a better future.

"We prepare to cross the threshold of 2012, remembering that the Lord watches over us and takes care of us," Benedict said. "In him this evening we want to entrust the entire world. We put into his hands the tragedies of this world of ours, and we also offer him the hopes for a better future."

In Brazil, heavy rains didn't halt parties as upward of 2 million people gathered on Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro and nearly as many on a main avenue in Sao Paulo, South America's biggest city. Massive fireworks displays and top music acts graced stages across the nation.

Brazil has seen healthy economic growth in recent years, as the country prepares to host the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016. Growth, however, has stalled in recent months, and Brazilian leaders are trying to stimulate the economy in the new year.

"This was a good year for Brazil and I think things are only getting better, it feels like we're making big advances," said Fabiana dos Santos Silva, an 18-year-old student who gathered with hundreds of thousands of others on a main avenue in Sao Paulo.

Several people preparing to celebrate the holiday in the U.S. told the AP that they would usher in the New Year hoping the Congress would become a more cooperative place. Some talked about their hopes for the presidential election. Others said they hoped to hold on to their job, or find a new one to replace one they'd lost.

An Associated Press-GfK poll conducted Dec. 8-12 found that 62 percent of Americans are optimistic that the nation's fortunes will improve in 2012, and 78 percent hopeful that their own family will have a better year. Most wrote off 2011 as a dud.

Debbie Hart, 50, of Perry, Ga., called herself the "perpetual optimist" who believes each year will be better than the one before.

"I married a farmer. `Wait until next year. Next year will be better.' That's what I've been hearing for 30 years," said Hart. "I have faith."

___

Contributing to this report were Associated Press writers Chris Hawley and David B. Caruso in New York, Oskar Garcia in Las Vegas, Bruce Shipkowski in Jackson, N.J., Dorie Turner in Atlanta, Greg Keller in Paris, Harold Heckle in Madrid, Kristen Gelineau in Sydney, Ray Lilley in Wellington, New Zealand, Frances D'Emilio in Vatican City, Meera Selva in London, Bradley Brooks in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Jack Chang in Mexico City and Melissa Eddy in Berlin.

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/01/new-years-new-york-city-rings-in-2012_n_1178259.html

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